gdf-11
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) is a protein in the TGF-β superfamily that acts as a negative regulator of erythropoiesis and plays a critical role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. It functions as a ligand for activin type II receptors, and while historically debated as a 'rejuvenation factor,' current research focuses on its role in inhibiting red blood cell maturation and its association with aging-related physiological changes.
Lab Notes — Research Studies
01 Activin Receptor II Ligand Traps: New Treatment Paradigm for Low-Risk MDS
This review identifies GDF-11 as a negative regulator of terminal erythroid differentiation and explores how trapping this ligand can treat anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes.
View Study ((PubMed))02 Elritercept, a modified activin receptor IIA ligand trap, increased erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis in a phase 1 trial
Clinical study showing that inhibiting GDF-11 and related ligands can safely increase the production of red blood cells and platelets in humans.
View Study ((PubMed))03 GDF11 is increased in patients with aplastic anemia
Research findings show that high levels of GDF-11 are significantly correlated with impaired red blood cell production in patients with aplastic anemia.
View Study ((PubMed))04 Lifelong exercise, but not short-term high-intensity interval training, increases GDF11, a marker of successful aging
Preliminary evidence suggesting that GDF-11 levels are higher in older men who have maintained lifelong exercise habits compared to sedentary peers.
View Study ((PubMed))05 Age Trends in Growth and Differentiation Factor-11 and Myostatin Levels in Healthy Men
A study using advanced mass spectrometry to clarify the relationship between GDF-11, aging, and muscle growth regulators in healthy males.
View Study ((PubMed))Formula — Benefits & Dosage
⚗️ Effects
- Blood Disorders: Highly effective target for treating MDS-related anemia via ligand trap drugs like Luspatercept.
- Rejuvenation Debate: Evidence for its role as a 'fountain of youth' remains controversial with conflicting results in animal and human trials.
- Exercise Synergy: Shows long-term sensitivity to exercise habits rather than short-term high-intensity training.
- Cancer Prognostic: High levels are unfortunately associated with shorter survival in specific cancers like uveal melanoma.
💉 Dosage & Administration
- Clinical Inhibition: In trials, GDF-11 inhibitors are dosed between 0.05 to 4.5 mg/kg for therapeutic effect.
- Natural Promotion: No direct supplemental dose exists; lifelong resistance training is the primary documented way to influence levels.
- Monitoring: Blood assessment via LC-MS/MS is required to accurately determine endogenous levels.
⚠️ Side Effects
- Anemia Risk: Excessive natural levels or over-expression can lead to suppressed red blood cell counts.
- Oncogenic Potential: Upregulation is linked to poor outcomes in certain malignant conditions.
- Erythrocytosis: In therapeutic contexts, blocking GDF-11 can lead to abnormally high red blood cell or platelet counts.
📦 Availability & Sourcing
- Prescription Only: Therapeutic agents targeting GDF-11 (like Luspatercept) are strictly prescription-only for blood disorders.
- Peptide Markets: Often found in research-only peptide stores, though human data for direct GDF-11 peptide self-administration is largely lacking.
Reaction Log — User Experiences
Scientific consensus is split; while research suggests GDF-11 inhibition treats blood disorders, early 'anti-aging' claims are heavily debated, and user community interest centers on its role as a biomarker rather than a direct supplement.
Synthesis — Related Compounds
⚠️ IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER
This information is for educational and research purposes only. gdf-11 may not be approved for human use. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any supplements or research compounds. We do not guarantee accuracy or completeness of information presented.